Journal of South Asian Association of Pediatric Dentistry

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Volume 6, Number 3, September-December 2023
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EDITORIAL

Gauri Kalra, JK Dhillon, VP Mathur

Extending Behavior Shaping to New-age Parents in Pediatric Dental Operatories

[Year:2023] [Month:September-December] [Volume:6] [Number:3] [Pages:2] [Pages No:103 - 104]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10077-3287  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Arushi Goel, Khushboo Barjatya

Comparative Evaluation of Two Isolation Techniques for Proximal Restorations: A Clinical Controlled Study

[Year:2023] [Month:September-December] [Volume:6] [Number:3] [Pages:4] [Pages No:105 - 108]

Keywords: Class II restorations, Isolation, Primary tooth, Rubber dam

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10077-3279  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Introduction: Successful restorations depend on number of factors, but perhaps the most important one is isolation. However, achieving it in a pediatric patient is the biggest challenge. Despite rubber dam being the gold standard for isolation, it is not being used commonly in children. MiniDam by DMG is a comparatively recent advancement that is being used to compare with conventional rubber dam for their isolation efficiency and patient's attitude. Materials and methods: A sample size of 30 patients with a minimum of two proximal lesions bilaterally requiring glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations was selected. Selected patients were treated in two appointments under rubber dam and MiniDam per appointment. They were evaluated for time for placement, isolation efficacy, child's behavior, and pain perception. Conclusion: It was concluded that both materials have their merits and demerits, but mini dam has better patient compliance and comparable isolation efficacy.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Mariesha Perera, Priyake D Palipana

Prevalence and Distribution Pattern of Congenitally Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisors among School Children in the Colombo District

[Year:2023] [Month:September-December] [Volume:6] [Number:3] [Pages:5] [Pages No:109 - 113]

Keywords: Missing lateral incisors, Prevalence, School children

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10077-3286  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim and background: Being in the most esthetic region of the mouth, congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors (CMMLI) tag along with them a unique set of problems. The few global studies done report great racial variation. There is no Sri Lankan study, and even regional data are sparse. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2044 schoolchildren aged 10 years from 20 schools selected randomly in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The screening was done at these schools by a single dentist. Necessary referrals were made to the institute of oral health (IOH) in Maharagama, Sri Lanka. The results were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 21 and presented using descriptive statistical measures. Results: The overall prevalence of CMMLI was 1.177%, of which 62.5% were in females and 37.5% in males. About 70.8% had a bilateral distribution, whereas 29.2% were unilateral, mostly on the right side. In unilateral cases, the existing one was mainly diminutive. Though it is too early for planning, most cases would tentatively require space closure. Conclusion: The prevalence of this study was following globally quoted figures of 12%. Further research with larger samples is needed for conclusions.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Umme Azher, Aishwarya Chidambareshwar, Santhosh T Paul, Divya Reddy

Comparative Assessment of the Association between Salivary Vitamin D Levels and Early Childhood Caries Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

[Year:2023] [Month:September-December] [Volume:6] [Number:3] [Pages:4] [Pages No:114 - 117]

Keywords: Biofluid, Dental decay, Early childhood caries, Saliva, Vitamin D

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10077-3284  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: Evaluation of interrelation between vitamin D levels in saliva and early childhood caries (ECC) utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Materials and methods: The sample selection in the cross-sectional, case-control study involved—(1) an interview with the parents/caregivers through a questionnaire; (2) a clinical examination of children to ascertain dental decay status; those with severe ECC (S-ECC) were enlisted in group I (n = 15) and children with a decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (dmfs) score of 0 to group II (n = 15). The samples of unstimulated whole saliva (5 mL) were collected, and the salivary vitamin D levels were measured using a human 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (25-OHD) ELISA kit. Results: Subjects in groups I and II showed mean salivary vitamin D levels of 8.8 + 4.92 and 16.8 + 10.8 ng/mL, respectively. The vitamin D levels in saliva exhibited a difference statistically. Conclusion: Variations in vitamin D scores in the saliva of children with S-ECC and those caries-free demonstrate that vitamin D in saliva can serve as a marker of caries risk in children. Clinical significance: The simplicity and noninvasiveness of saliva collection, especially in children, confers the advantage of a more acceptable and cost-effective biofluid for caries-risk factors assessment.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

KS Poonacha, Saylee Deshmukh, Seema Bargale, Anshula N Deshpande, Sejal Jain, Riddhika Shah

Comparative Evaluation of Abrasive Effect of Three Commercially Available Children's Toothpastes in India on Glass Ionomer Cement: An In Vitro Study

[Year:2023] [Month:September-December] [Volume:6] [Number:3] [Pages:6] [Pages No:118 - 123]

Keywords: Abrasion, Children, Glass ionomer cement, Profilometer, Toothpastes

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10077-3283  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Background: The roughness of the surfaces of restorations increases after brushing of teeth, leading to an increase in the accumulation of plaque and stains, thus increasing the risk of dental caries formation. Aim: To compare and evaluate the abrasive effect of three different commercially available children's toothpastes on the surface properties of conventional restorative glass ionomer cement (GIC). Materials and methods: Around 40 samples were prepared using conventional GIC, which were divided equally into four groups containing 10 samples each which were subjected to toothbrushing using the test apparatus and different toothpastes for each group for a duration of 2 minutes twice daily for 15 days—group I—Colgate Anticavity toothpaste for kids; group II—Chicco Dentifrico Toothpaste; group III—Cheerio Fluoride Medicated Gel; and group IV—water. Intergroup and intragroup comparisons were made using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired sample t-tests, with p < 0.05. Results: After applying a procedure corresponding to about 1 year of toothbrushing in the mouth, positive results were obtained in terms of the abrasive effect caused by children's toothpastes on the surface of GIC restorations. The mean surface abrasion of GIC samples varied significantly between all groups at baseline and after brushing (p < 0.001). Among the toothpastes used, group II showed maximum increase in surface abrasion (31.76%), whereas group I showed the least (12.94%). Conclusion: Toothpaste-containing hydrated silica caused the most abrasion on surface of GIC. Children's toothpastes with low relative dentin abrasivity (RDA) value should be recommended in terms of causing low surface abrasion of the GIC restorations, thus reducing the plaque accumulation on the surface of the restoration.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Seema Bargale, Sejal Jain, Anshula N Deshpande, K S Poonacha, Saylee Deshmukh, Charmi Shah

Clinical Efficacy and Pain Perception with Novel Chemomechanical Caries Removal Agent and Conventional Method in Primary Molars: A Randomized Controlled Study

[Year:2023] [Month:September-December] [Volume:6] [Number:3] [Pages:5] [Pages No:124 - 128]

Keywords: BRIX3000, Chemomechanical caries removal, Primary teeth

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10077-3282  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Background: Conventional means of preparing cavities include the use of high-speed handpieces and slow-rotating instruments, following the philosophy of extension for prevention. This method usually induces pain, annoying sounds, and vibration. Thus, chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR) has been developed to be an alternative. It involves the application of proteolytic substances, which softens the carious dental tissue and facilitates its removal manually. BRIX3000 is a newer agent with upgraded properties that has been used for efficient caries removal. Aim: To evaluate and compare clinical efficacy and pain perception with a new CMCR agent (BRIX3000) and conventional caries removal method. Materials and methods: A total of 60 children aged between 4 and 9 years were allotted to the CMCR (BRIX3000) and rotary caries removal groups. Clinical efficacy and the Wong–Baker Pain Rating Scale (WBPRS) were used as the two parameters. The obtained data analysis was done using an independent t-test and Mann–Whitney U test. Results: Comparison of the difference in clinical efficacy showed a statistically significant difference in the CMCR (BRIX3000) group with a mean value of 2.33 ± 1.03 as compared to the rotary caries removal group with a mean value of 0.57 ± 0.68 with a p-value of <0.001. In WBPRS, the rotary caries removal group (mean: 4.6 ± 1.83) showed an increased score in comparison with the CMCR group (mean: 1.47 ± 1.17) with a p-value of <0.001. Conclusion: Chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR) group (BRIX3000) showed increased clinical efficacy as compared to rotary caries removal group. The rotary caries removal group showed increased WBPRS scores. Clinical significance: The use of the CMCR method in pediatric dentistry can prove to be very beneficial, especially in terms of anxiety and discomfort felt by the children.

226

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Krishnamoorthy Ragini, Veerabadhran M Mahesh, Selvaraj Vinodh, Muthusamy Manoharan, Mohanraj Kamatchi, Charan T Vemagiri

Assessing the Remineralization Potential of Commercial Pediatric Dentifrices on Demineralized Deciduous Enamel Lesions: An In Vitro Scanning Electron Microscopy– Energy-dispersive X-ray Study

[Year:2023] [Month:September-December] [Volume:6] [Number:3] [Pages:5] [Pages No:129 - 133]

Keywords: Demineralization, Dentifrices, Remineralization

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10077-3281  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: The study aimed to assess the remineralizing potential of three kinds of toothpaste Pigeon, Dentoshine, and Candycop qualitatively and quantitively using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, respectively. Materials and methods: A total of 60 enamel blocks each prepared by sectioning the buccal surface of the second primary molars were divided into three halves (upper, middle, and lower halves) and subjected to demineralization to induce artificial enamel lesions by coating the upper half with nail varnish. Upon coating the second half with nail varnish, a random allocation of samples was done on the type of dentifrice applied. Group I—treated with Pigeon, group II—with Dentoshine, group III—with Candycop followed by storage in artificial saliva. Samples after repeating the procedure twice daily for 7 days were subjected to SEM and EDX spectroscopy to evaluate the remineralizing potential. Inter- and intragroup statistical analysis was done using descriptive one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tuckey tests, respectively. Results: Candycop exhibited a higher mineralization [calcium (Ca)—26.736 ± 2.012, phosphorous (P)—12.676 ± 1.677] with uniform globular deposition on the enamel surface compared to group II treated with Dentoshine (Ca—23.903 ± 3.327, P—11.560 ± 2.840) and group I with Pigeon (Ca—23.308 ± 2.949, P—11.986 ± 2.952). Conclusion: Mineral deposition was exhibited by all three dentifrices nevertheless Candycop had shown superior remineralizing efficacy than Dentoshine and Pigeon with more unified Ca and P deposition.

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CASE REPORT

Umapathy Thimmegowda, Nagarathna Chikkanarasaiah, Pragna S Vijaya, Pallavi N Kuri, Muhammed Tameem

Choukroun's Autologous Platelet Concentrate Used in Immature Necrotic Tooth during Revascularization: A Clinical and Radiological Report of a Case

[Year:2023] [Month:September-December] [Volume:6] [Number:3] [Pages:5] [Pages No:134 - 138]

Keywords: Case report, Open apex, Platelet-rich fibrin, Revascularization, Traumatized necrotic teeth

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10077-3285  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: To discuss the management of an immature necrotic permanent tooth and the clinical and radiological outcome by utilizing platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). Introduction: Traumatic injury to the teeth in children can lead to damage to the pulpal tissue and infection, and particularly in the underdeveloped teeth with immature and open apices, it restricts treatment possibilities. The process of revascularization has enabled increased root survival, symptom relief, and radiographic evidence of root thickening and lengthening with continuous root development. PRF as a scaffold material can be used in a necrotized, infected, immature tooth for regeneration of the pulp and tooth rejuvenation. Case description: This case report displays a protocol of revascularization in which PRF was utilized as an autologous scaffold in an immature necrotized tooth that had undergone trauma with incomplete development of the root. Through examination, clinical, and radiographical investigations, lengthening of the root and thickened dentinal walls of the traumatized tooth were noted.

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CASE REPORT

Amit Khatri, Namita Kalra, Rishi Tyagi, Deepak Khandelwal, Shruti V Kulkarni, Neetu Garg, Khadeeja Kulood

Dental Considerations and Treatment Approaches in West Syndrome—Infantile Spasms: A Case Report

[Year:2023] [Month:September-December] [Volume:6] [Number:3] [Pages:4] [Pages No:139 - 142]

Keywords: Case report, Hypsarrhythmia, Infantile spasm, West syndrome

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10077-3278  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Introduction: West syndrome (WS) comprises a classic triad of infantile spasms (ISs), hypsarrhythmia, and psychomotor delay. It is considered a rare epileptic encephalopathy typical to manifest in infancy or early childhood. Case description: This is a case report of a 6-year-old male child who was a known case of global developmental disorder (GDD) with structural WS. The child presented with typical dental findings and a history of ISs in clusters. The case report elucidates the dental treatment modalities followed, which emphasized preventive approaches and home care to complement professional care. Recall appointments were planned to reinforce preventive measures. Conclusion: Dental care for special needs patients can become more challenging in patients with severe intellectual disabilities, poor communication skills, and a diminished capacity to participate in even routine dental procedures. Thus, the major emphasis of oral health care in patients of WS should be on preventive measures. Clinical significance: This case report emphasizes the role of a pediatric dentist in the early diagnosis and management of oral health issues in a child with WS. Home care instructions for parents should focus on prevention and aid in inculcating an adequate home care regime to maintain good oral health status.

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CASE REPORT

Rajesh Ragulakollu, Atluri N Supraja, Alekhya Achanta, Sunkara Pavanvardhan

Management of Missing Premolar in Growing Child: A Case Report

[Year:2023] [Month:September-December] [Volume:6] [Number:3] [Pages:4] [Pages No:143 - 146]

Keywords: Case report, Dentigerous cyst, Enucleation, Growing children, Mini-implant

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10077-3280  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim and objective: To evaluate a new technique of prosthetic rehabilitation of missing premolars in growing children using mini-implant. Background: Treatment modalities for restoring missing teeth include removable partial dentures and tooth-bonded prostheses. They have the disadvantage of loss of alveolar bony architecture, discomfort, and frequent replacement or modification. The mini-implant mimics the implant in many aspects, and hence, can overcome the above drawbacks. Case description: A 12-year-old male patient had undergone enucleation of a dentigerous cyst involving the mandibular second premolar. A few months after surgery, the patient reported to the department of paediatric and preventive dentistry for the replacement of missing teeth. To prevent loss of alveolar width and length, a mini-implant was inserted and the composite build was done with an incremental technique. Conclusion: Mini-implant could be a better alternative to removable partial dentures and tooth-bonded prostheses. Clinical significance: Considering the various advantages of a mini-implant, it could act as a predecessor for an implant.

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