CASE REPORT |
https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10077-3090 |
Fragment Reattachment of Complicated Maxillary Central Incisor Crown Fracture in 8-year-old Female Child - A Case Report
1-5Pediatric Dentistry, Oral Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Corresponding Author: Sanjeev Singh, Oral Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh India, Phone: +91 9780554348, e-mail: san.bajaj88@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Management of complicated crown fracture is one of the frequently faced clinically challenging situations. Crown fracture of anterior teeth is a common form of dental trauma affecting children and adolescents. One of the methods of managing such a situation is reattachment of the fractured crown segment to the parent tooth. This case report describes the treatment of complicated crown fractures in maxillary right and left central incisors of an eight-year-old girl child who reported to the Pedodontics Department. The fractured segments were reattached and apexification was done, and the patient was reviewed to evaluate the treatment plan’s success.
How to cite this article: Nagarajan S, Singh S, Kapur A, et al. Fragment Reattachment of Complicated Maxillary Central Incisor Crown Fracture in 8-year-old Female Child- A Case Report. J South Asian Assoc Pediatr Dent;2021;4(3):197-199.
Source of support: Nil
Conflict of interest: None
Keywords: Aesthetic treatment, Children, Crown-root fracture, Fragment reattachment, Maxillary incisors, Traumatic dental injury.
INTRODUCTION
Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are more common in young children affecting both deciduous and permanent dentition. According to Tewari et al.1 the prevalence of TDI in children less than six years is 15% and for >6 years it is 12%.1 And these accounts to 18% of all injuries in children aged from 0 to 6 years of age.2 Trauma involving upper central incisors are more common than lower central incisors due to their anatomic position and an increased tendency to get hit during a traumatic event.3 Injuries affecting deciduous dentition are most commonly subluxation injuries since the pliable alveolar supporting structures dissipates the trauma delivered on the teeth.4 However, trauma involving permanent anteriors usually results in crown fractures or crown-root fractures. Crown-root fractures (CRF) involve enamel, dentin, and cementum and they account for 5% of all dental injuries in permanent teeth.5,6 Depending on pulp involvement, these fractures can be classified as uncomplicated (without pulp exposure) or complicated (with pulp exposure).
Although uncomplicated crown fractures are more frequently seen, Complicated crown fractures involving pulp poses a clinically challenging situation needing multidisciplinary approach to address the situation. IADT (International Association of Dental Trauma) guidelines, 2020 has included fragment reattachment as management plan only for uncomplicated fractures, however various case reports have reported this procedure as successful method for managing Crown-Root fractures.7 This case report presents Crown- root fracture reattachment procedure in maxillary central incisors in a girl child by using light cure flowable composite resin, after Etching and application of bonding agent.
CASE DESCRIPTION
An eight-year-old female child came to pedodontics department with a chief complaint of Trauma in upper front tooth region ten days back. History revealed that the child had a fight with her brother and was hit by fist. Patient had no relevant past medical history, and no past dental history. Extraoral Injury revealed healing bruises in upper lip. Intraoral examination showed multiple fragment segments attached to each in relation to 11 and 21 teeth with some of the fragments missing at the mesial incisal edge of both the teeth (Fig. 1a,b,c). Patient had tenderness in the associated 11 and 21. No signs of Pus or sinus were noted. Mobility of the teeth was not assessed due to fear of complete fracture of crown. Since both the central incisors had complicated fracture, the status of overjet was unable to be assessed. Radiographic examination revealed complicated crown fracture in 11 and 21 extending till Cemento-enamel Junction with multiple fragments (Fig. 2a,b). Considering the younger age of the child CBCT was not advised to lessen the radiation exposure(R).
Informed consent was obtained explaining the success rate and limitations of the treatment plan. Patient’s and parent’s perspective regarding the change in color of the injured teeth following treatment was also obtained. Patient was planned to be recalled for regular follow up and his/ her willingness to comply was taken into consideration.
TREATMENT PLAN
Considering the age of the patient, location of tooth fracture, extent of fracture in relation to adjacent periodontium, root development status, and grade of mobility of teeth following treatment plan was proposed:
First Appointment
Reattachment of fractured segments which are visible coronally
Flap elevation to expose the root fracture line in 11
Reattachment of root fracture
Biodentin Apexification of 11 and 21
Second Appointment
Additional endodontic-Fiber postplacement in 11,21
Third Appointment
Indirect composite crown restoration of 11 and 21
TREATMENT PROCEDURE
Initially Child’s behavior was assessed to be Frankl’s rating 3 (i.e. Positive). Tell- show-do and positive reinforcement was done for behavior management of the child. Patient’s extraoral area and intraoral mucosa was wiped with 5.0% Povidone- Iodone solution. Then all the fractured tooth segments were positioned back to the normal position apposing their fracture lines and luted with flowable composite (Coltene-Brilliant flow A3/D3) after Etching (using 3M ESPE Scotchbond TM Multi-purpose Etchant) and Bonding (Using 3M ESPE AdperTM Single bond 2 Adhesive). With this initial procedure it was made sure that the coronal fractured segments were assembled as a single unit. Then to address the fracture which is present near the CEJ, full thickness mucoperiosteal - Envelope Flap was raised with an intrasulcular incision, starting from distal aspect of 22 to 12, exposing the fracture present at the level of CEJ. This procedure was carried under Local anesthesia.
After achieving initial stability of the broken crown segment in both 11 and 21, endodontic treatment was started. Since the incisors were at Nolla stage 9 initially apexification was planned. So after pulp debridement and biomechanical preparation Surgifoam (Ethicon®-SurgifoamTMU.S.P) was used as a scaffold periapically on which Biodentin apexification was done (Using Septodont BiodentineTM). Followed by which Gutta percha lateral condensation was done. Considering the loss of initial stability in 11 and 21, additional ceramic post support was planned. For which post space preparation was done using peso reamer and Fiber Post (AAA–High intensity quartz resin post) was luted using Flowable composites (Fig. 4).
Considering the risk of secondary caries and to improve the resistance form Indirect composite crown was planned to be placed for both 11 and 21 (Fig. 3). So, after crown preparation retraction cords were placed to control bleeding and expose the margin of preparation. Putty impression was taken and indirect composite crown was fabricated on the cast and luted using flowable composite. Due to Pandemic, the patient was telephonically reviewed regularly, the teeth still in function without any symptoms for more than six months. The patient was also motivated to maintain oral hygiene.
DISCUSSION
Management of Complicated crown-root fracture needs adoption of multidisciplinary approach involving surgery, endodontics, periodontics and prosthodontics.8 Tooth fragment reattachment was first reported in early 1960’s and since then this procedure has undergone major changes in recent years, especially after introduction of tooth colored adhesive resin cements.9 Fragment reattachment although has its own mechanical disadvantage of getting chipped off easily, it offers better reproduction of tooth color, shape and contour, along with shorter operative time. The current case report adds to the number of other case reports being increasingly attempted by the dentists. Also the effectiveness of tooth colored fiber post in increasing the Resistance form has been evaluated. To overcome the drawback of reduced resistance form, additional Fiber post was used in this case, which has been shown to decrease the stress delivered on the reattached tooth fragment as it interlocks the two fragments10. Similarly Adanir et al. determined that the physical characteristics of the fiber post were important in the stress distribution pattern and success in fragment reattachment.11
The case history presented here not only shows the fragment reattachment, but also adjoined Biodentine-Apexification been done simultaneously, since both the centrals were in Nolla stage-9. Biodentine was selected as a material of choice since it has a shorter setting time of 12 minutes as compared to that of MTA which is 2 hours 45 minutes12. In case of apexification, quicker setting time eliminates the need for two step obturation as with MTA, and reduces the risk of bacterial contamination13. It is also to be noted that usage of adequate wet storage medium before reattachment is important for better optical results following reattachment (Edden et al.).14
CONCLUSION
Fragment reattachment appears to be clinically acceptable method for managing complicated crown root fractures in young immature upper central incisors.
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