Journal of South Asian Association of Pediatric Dentistry

Register      Login

VOLUME 6 , ISSUE 3 ( September-December, 2023 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Comparative Assessment of the Association between Salivary Vitamin D Levels and Early Childhood Caries Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Aishwarya Chidambareshwar

Keywords : Biofluid, Dental decay, Early childhood caries, Saliva, Vitamin D

Citation Information : Chidambareshwar A. Comparative Assessment of the Association between Salivary Vitamin D Levels and Early Childhood Caries Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay. J South Asian Assoc Pediatr Dent 2023; 6 (3):114-117.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10077-3284

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 30-12-2023

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2023; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aim: Evaluation of interrelation between vitamin D levels in saliva and early childhood caries (ECC) utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Materials and methods: The sample selection in the cross-sectional, case-control study involved—(1) an interview with the parents/caregivers through a questionnaire; (2) a clinical examination of children to ascertain dental decay status; those with severe ECC (S-ECC) were enlisted in group I (n = 15) and children with a decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (dmfs) score of 0 to group II (n = 15). The samples of unstimulated whole saliva (5 mL) were collected, and the salivary vitamin D levels were measured using a human 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (25-OHD) ELISA kit. Results: Subjects in groups I and II showed mean salivary vitamin D levels of 8.8 + 4.92 and 16.8 + 10.8 ng/mL, respectively. The vitamin D levels in saliva exhibited a difference statistically. Conclusion: Variations in vitamin D scores in the saliva of children with S-ECC and those caries-free demonstrate that vitamin D in saliva can serve as a marker of caries risk in children. Clinical significance: The simplicity and noninvasiveness of saliva collection, especially in children, confers the advantage of a more acceptable and cost-effective biofluid for caries-risk factors assessment.


HTML PDF Share
  1. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD). Policy on early childhood caries (ECC): classifications, consequences and preventive strategies. Pediatr Dent 2016;38(6):71–73. PMID: 27931420.
  2. Low W, Tan S, Schwartz S. The effect of severe caries on the quality of life in young children. Pediatr Dent 1999;21(6):325–326. PMID: 10509332.
  3. Tagliaferro EP, Pereira AC, Meneghim Mde C, et al. Assessment of dental caries predictors in a seven-year longitudinal study. J Public Health Dent 2006;66(3):169–173. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2006.tb02575.x
  4. Pereira SM, Tagliaferro EP, Ambrosano GM, et al. Dental caries in 12-year-old schoolchildren and its relationship with socioeconomic and behavioural variables. Oral Health Prev Dent 2007;5(4):299–306. PMID: 18173091.
  5. Gedicke K. Rickets and dental caries; possibilities of dental caries prevention with vitamin D preparations with reference to social hygiene uses. Offentl Gesundheitsdienst 1959;20(10):419–432. PMID: 13633162.
  6. Petersen PE. The World Oral Health Report 2003: continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century – the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2003;31(Suppl 1):3–23. DOI: 10.1046/j..2003.com122.x
  7. World Health Organization. Oral Health Surveys – Basic Methods, 4th edition. Geneva: WHO; 1997. pp. 39–44.
  8. Schroth RJ, Jeal NS, Kliewer E, et al. The relationship between vitamin D and severe early childhood caries: a pilot study. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2012;82(1):53–62. DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000094
  9. Berdal A, Bailleul-Forestier I, Davideau J. Vitamin D. Elsevier Academic Press; 2005. pp. 599–607.
  10. Haussler MR, Whitfield GK, Kaneko I, et al. Molecular mechanisms of vitamin D action. Calcif Tissue Int 2013;92(2):77–98. DOI: 10.1007/s00223-012-9619-0
  11. Schroth RJ, Levi JA, Sellers EA, et al. Vitamin D status of children with severe early childhood caries: a case-control study. BMC Pediatr 2013;13(1):174. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-13-174
  12. Hu XP, Li ZQ, Zhou JY, et al. Analysis of the association between polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and dental caries in a Chinese population. Genet Mol Res 2015;14(3):11631–11638. DOI: 10.4238/2015.September.28.15
  13. Sobel AE, Hanok A. Calcification. XVI. Composition of bones and teeth in relation to blood and diet in the cotton rat. J Dent Res 1958;37(4):631–637. DOI: 10.1177/00220345580370040901
  14. Ezhil I, Savitha G, Kumar MPS. Saliva as a diagnostic tool: a review. Drug InventToday 2018;10(11):2188–2193. Available at https//:jprsolutions.info.
  15. Costantini E, Sinjari B, Piscopo F, et al. Evaluation of salivary cytokines and vitamin D levels in periodontopathic patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21(8):2669. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082669
  16. Khadilkar AV. Vitamin D deficiency in Indian adolescents. Indian Pediatr 2010;47(9):755–756. DOI: 10.1007/s13312-010-0110-6
  17. Bahramian A, Falsafi P, Abbasi T, et al. Comparing serum and salivary levels of Vitamin D in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and healthy individuals. J Dent (Shiraz) 2018;19(4):295–300. PMID: 30680302.
  18. Fairney A, Saphier PW. Studies on the measurement of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in human saliva. Br J Nutr 1987;57(1):13–25. DOI: 10.1079/bjn19870005
  19. Munns CF, Shaw N, Kiely M, et al. Global consensus recommendations on prevention and management of nutritional rickets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016;101(2):394–415. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2175
  20. Khadilkar A, Khadilkar V, Chinnappa J, et al. Prevention and treatment of vitamin D and calcium deficiency in children and adolescents: Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) Guidelines. Indian Pediatr 2017;54(7):567–573. DOI: 10.1007/s13312-017-1070-x
  21. Mellanby M, Pattison CL. The action of vitamin D in preventing the spread and promoting the arrest of caries in children. Br Med J 1928;2(3545):1079–1082. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.3545.1079
  22. Brown T, Creed S, Alexander S, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in children with dental caries - a prevalence study. Arch Dis Child 2012;97(1):A103. DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2012-301885.243
  23. Ali N, Rahim A, Ali S, et al. Impact of vitamin D on development of early childhood caries. Pak Armed Force Med J 2017;67(3):429–433. PMID: emr-188573.
  24. Chhonkar A, Gupta A, Arya V. Comparison of vitamin D level of children with severe early childhood caries and children with no caries. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(3):199–204. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1511
  25. Zhan Y, Samietz S, Holtfreter B, et al. Prospective study of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and tooth loss. J Dent Res 2014;93(7):639–644. DOI: 10.1177/0022034514534985
  26. Dudding T, Thomas SJ, Duncan K, et al. Re-examining the association between Vitamin D and childhood caries. PLoS One 2015;10(12):e0143769. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143769
  27. Herzog K, Scott JM, Hujoel P, et al. Association of vitamin D and dental caries in children: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2006. J Am Dent Assoc 2016;147(6): 413–420. DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.12.013
  28. Casey CF, Slawson DC, Neal LR. Vitamin D supplementation in infants, children, and adolescents. Am Fam Physician 2010;81(6):745–748. PMID: 20229973.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.